Gestalt psychologists have documented many instances that support the basic grouping principles, which detail many of the ways in which the human mind completes partial data and lay open the interpretation that those principles support matching higher level concepts.
Intuition is basically drawing conclusions based on relationships between dissimilar items that have a some similarities.
Emotions are non-logical drives of the choices we make. They are non-logical. They arise from our genetic heritage and our personal experience rather than from logical deduction.
We are constrained entities searching partway on various pathways for behaviors to satisfy our needs and goals while quelling our fears.
A useful simplification, tied to organisms that preceded us, allow us to see when certain milestones in thought occurred. The origin of reflexes, instincts, habits, and choices.
Abstraction, arising from neural properties, leads to internal operations with less detail, but more stability.
Induction is essential to a broad spectrum of our thinking, from categorizing our surroundings to choosing our next action, from artistic creation to scientific discovery.